Setting up Python on Linux¶
Debian and Related Distros (Ubuntu, Linux Mint)¶
Python¶
Debian distros already have the stable python2 and python3 releases preinstalled [1]. Try the following commands:
$ python2
Python 2.7.9 (default, April 2 2015, 15:33:32)
[GCC 4.9.2 on linux2]
>>>
$ python3
Python 3.4.3 (default, March 26 2015, 15:33:32)
[GCC 4.9.2 on linux]
>>>
That’s nice, which one is the default version? Just type python to see. It’s probably python2 still:
$ python
Python 2.7.9 (default, April 2 2015, 15:33:32)
[GCC 4.9.2 on linux2]
>>>
If you want to make python3.4 the default version then add the line alias python=python3 to your user’s /home/{user}/.bashrc file like so:
$ # before the change
$ python
Python 2.7.9 (default, April 2 2015, 15:33:32)
[GCC 4.9.2 on linux2]
>>>
$ echo "alias python=python3" >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc
$ # after the change
$ python
Python 3.4.3 (default, March 26 2015, 15:33:32)
[GCC 4.9.2 on linux]
>>>
If you don’t have the version you want installed then use the package manager to find and install it:
$ # search the package manager for it
$ sudo apt-cache search python | grep '^python3.4\ -'
python3.4 - Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.4)
$ # install it
$ sudo apt-get install python3.4
Terminal¶
Every Linux box has a terminal emulator – find and use it.
pip¶
pip is the Python package installer.
Many python packages are also available directly from your distro – but you’ll get the latest and greatest if you use pip to install it instead.
To get pip, the first option is to use your system package manager, something like:
$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip
If that doesn’t work, then look up the official manual install notes
iPython¶
One we are going to use in class is iPython:
$ sudo pip3 install ipython[all]
You should now be able to run iPython:
$ ipython3
Python 3.4.3 ()
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help -> Python's own help system.
object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
Fedora and Red Hat Related Distros (CentOS)¶
Warning
CentOS is probably the most popular distro of these related flavors. However, getting Python3 on it can be a pain. You have been warned
Python¶
Fedora distros already have the stable python2 and python3 releases preinstalled [2]. However, CentOS, the most popular distro only has the stable python2 release. Try the following commands:
[centos@ip-172-31-21-5 ~]$ python2
Python 2.7.5 (default, Jun 17 2014, 18:11:42)
[GCC 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
[centos@ip-172-31-21-5 ~]$ python3
-bash: python3: command not found
Let’s install python3 using the package manager. Step one install Software Collections to help us:
$ sudo yum -y install scl-utils
Then go to the software collections listing and click on the python collection version you want to install. Note, you also need to know which version of CentOS you are using (probably 6 or 7). For example, we care about python version 3.4 so let’s go the .rpm i want to install here:
$ # add this package to the rpm package manager
$ sudo rpm -Uvh https://www.softwarecollections.org/repos/rhscl/rh-python34/epel-7-x86_64/noarch/rhscl-rh-python34-epel-7-x86_64.noarch.rpm
$ # install the right python version
$ sudo yum install rh-python34
When you want to use python3 run this command:
[centos@ip-172-31-21-5 ~]$ scl enable rh-python34 bash
Terminal¶
Every Linux box has a terminal emulator – find and use it.
pip¶
pip is the Python package installer.
Many python packages are also available directly from your distro – but you’ll get the latest and greatest if you use pip to install it instead.
In CentOS, if you used the above technique to install Python3, then it comes with pip. Try:
[centos@ip-172-31-21-5 ~]$ pip -V
pip 1.5.6 from /opt/rh/rh-python34/root/usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages (python 3.4)
iPython¶
One we are going to use in class is iPython:
$ sudo pip install ipython[all]
You should now be able to run iPython:
$ ipython3
Python 3.4.3 ()
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
IPython 2.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help -> Python's own help system.
object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.